Utilization of Tree Canopies by Avifauna in Two Types of Habitat in Telaga Warna Nature Tourism Park, Bogor, West Java

Abstract

Trees have a variety of canopy forms that are used by birds to rest, eat and socialize. Tree canopies are divided into two categories based on their position, namely vertical and horizontal. Telaga Warna Nature Tourism Park (TWA) is a public space that is considered to host a diversity of birds and vegetation. The area has two different types of habitats, namely ecotone, and primary forest. This study aimed to determine diversity of bird species that make use of tree canopy in the two types of habitat. The study was conducted in July, September, and December 2018. Bird data collection in the form of tree canopy utilization (vertically and horizontally) was conducted at the time of 07.00 to 12.00 and 13.00 to 17.00, using visual encounter survey method. The results showed that there are 48 species of birds from 22 families used the entire canopy horizontally and vertically. The sequence of level of vertical utilization in both ecotone habitat and primary forest in descending order is found as follows: strata 3 with 30 species, strata 4 with 18 species, strata 1 with 17 species, strata 2 with 13 species, and strata 0 with 9 species. The level of horizontal canopy utilization by birds in both ecotone habitats and primary forests is found to be higher for edge canopies when compared to inner canopies, with 31 species recorded for edge canopies and 27 species recorded for inner canopies.